Ndi foni iti yabwino kwambiri m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, foni yosawononga kapena foni yosawononga nyengo?

• Kukana kuwonongeka kumathetsa kukhudzidwa, kuchotsedwa, kusokonezedwa, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika mobwerezabwereza; kuteteza nyengo kumathetsa madzi, fumbi, dzimbiri, ndi kuwala kwa UV.
• Pakulankhulana pagulu panja, chitetezo cha kulowa ndi kukana kukhudzidwa ziyenera kuyesedwa pamodzi, osati ngati zosefera zogulira zosiyana.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu mwadzidzidzi kumafuna kumveka bwino, kupezeka mosavuta, komanso kudalirika mukapanikizika, osati chipangizo chokha chomwe chimayatsidwa.
• Miyezo mongaMavoti a IEC IPndiASTM F2388zimathandiza kutanthauzira zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuchita.

Mu kulankhulana ndi malo opezeka anthu onse, yankho lolondola nthawi zambiri limakhala "foni yosagwedezeka ndi nyengo" kapena "foni yosawonongeka"; ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwirizana ndi momwe zinthu zilili, momwe zimakhalira, komanso momwe zimayankhira. Mwachitsanzo, zida zoyesedwa ndi IP66 zimakhala zotetezeka ku fumbi komanso zotetezedwa ku ma jets amphamvu amadzi motsatira IEC 60529, pomwe kulimba kwa makina akunja kungafunikenso cholinga chachikulu chogunda monga IK10, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimafotokozedwa mu dongosolo la IEC loteteza kugwedezeka. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa malo othandizira pa siteshoni, foni ya kusukulu, ndi bokosi loyimbira foni mwadzidzidzi pamsewu zimakhala ndi zoopsa zosiyanasiyana. Ngati tsamba lanu likuphatikizapo kuwonekera panja, kupezeka ndi anthu ambiri, kapena nkhanza mobwerezabwereza, onaninsozinthu zolumikizirana m'malo opezeka anthu onse, yerekezerani afoni yosawonongandifoni yotetezeka ku nyengo, ndikuwona ngati kukhazikitsako kukufunikansofoni yadzidzidzikapenabwenzi lolankhulana ndi mafakitalezomwe zingathandize kufotokozera, kuyika, ndi kukonza.

Foni Yosagonjetsedwa ndi Anthu Osawonongeka Poyerekeza ndi Foni Yosatetezedwa ndi Nyengo Polankhulana ndi Malo Opezeka Anthu Onse

Foni yosawonongeka imapangidwa kuti isawonongeke ndi anthu, pomwe foni yosawonongeka ndi nyengo imapangidwa kuti isawonongeke ndi chilengedwe; chisankho chabwino kwambiri chimadalira kuti ndi chiwopsezo chiti chomwe chingasokoneze kulumikizana poyamba.

Malo opezeka anthu ambiri nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza zoopsa zonse ziwiri, koma kulephera nthawi zambiri kumasankha mtundu wa chinthucho. Mu holo ya sitima yapansi panthaka, foni ikhoza kukhala mkati koma ikadali yolumikizidwa ndi kukankha, kukoka kopachikika, ndalama, zakumwa, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza mosadziwika. Mu malo oimika magalimoto a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, chiopsezo chachikulu chingakhale dzimbiri, madzi otuluka, ndi kukalamba kwa ultraviolet m'malo moukiridwa mwachindunji. Malinga ndi IEC 60529, IP66 imatanthauza chitetezo cholimba komanso kukana ma jets amphamvu amadzi, zomwe ndizothandiza pakuyika panja; komabe, kuwerengera kokhako sikutsimikizira kukana kuzunzidwa mwakuthupi. Pachifukwa ichi, ogula ambiri amawonanso kulimba kwa kugwedezeka, zomangira zosagwedezeka, zingwe zachitsulo, zingwe zotetezedwa, ndi zinthu zobisika.

Pa kugula zinthu zenizeni, funso silili lakuti “Kodi ingaimbe foni?” komanso “Kodi ingapitirize kuyimba foni pambuyo pa zochitika zambirimbiri za anthu?” Pa malo omwe anthu ambiri amakumana, njira yoyenera yolumikizirana ndi malo opezeka anthu ambiri imayamba ndi kulephera kofala kwambiri: kuwononga zinthu, kupopera mankhwala, dzimbiri la cholumikizira, kapena kunyalanyaza kukonza. Ngati chipangizocho chiyenera kupulumuka kuwonongedwa ndi nyengo, chotchingira, keypad, foni yam'manja, ndi njira yoyikira ziyenera kuyesedwa ngati makina, osati ngati zinthu zosiyana.

Kodi foni yosawononga imathetsa bwanji vutoli?

Foni yosawononga imathetsa vuto la kuwononga mwadala, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mobwerezabwereza, komanso kulowa popanda chilolezo.

Zipangizozi nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa m'ndende, malo oyendera anthu, malo ochitira masewera, masukulu, malo oimika magalimoto, ndi malo oimika magalimoto. Chofunika kwambiri pa uinjiniya si kulimba kwa zokongoletsa; ndi kusinthasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito pambuyo pa kugundana, mphamvu ya lever, kukoka waya, ndi kuyesa kutsegula kapena kuchotsa chipangizocho. Zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo mapepala achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mabatani otsekedwa, zomangira zobisika, zingwe zotetezedwa kapena zolimbikitsidwa ndi chitsulo, ndi malo osungira omwe amachepetsa malo ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu. M'malo ambiri aboma, foni yam'manja ndiye gawo lovuta kwambiri, kotero chinthu chopanda foni kapena chopanda manja chingachepetse chiopsezo cha kusweka.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro a miyezo, kugwedezeka ndi kulowa ziyenera kusamalidwa padera. IEC 60529 imatanthauzira code ya IP yoteteza fumbi ndi madzi, pomwe kugwedezeka kwa makina nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa motsatira dongosolo la IK mu IEC 62262. Chifukwa chake chipangizocho chikhoza kukhala chotsekedwa bwino koma chikaswekabe chifukwa cha kumenyedwa kwakukulu, kapena chingagonjetse kugwedezeka koma chikalephera pamalo onyowa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ogula mafoni osawononga ayenera kufunsa umboni wa chilengedwe ndi makina, osati kungonena zotsatsa. Kwa mapulojekiti omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika nthawi zonse, chitsanzo cholimba kuchokera kumayankho a mafoni a mafakitalenthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyenera kuposa foni wamba yakunja.

Kodi foni yotetezeka ku nyengo imathetsa bwanji vuto la nyengo?

Foni yosagwedezeka ndi nyengo imathetsa vuto la mvula, mchere, fumbi, UV, ndi kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali.

Gulu ili ndi loyenera kwambiri m'makonde akunja, malo ozungulira nyanja, mabwalo a mafakitale, malo opakira katundu, malo okwerera mabasi, ndi malo oyikamo magalimoto pamsewu komwe chilengedwe, osati wogwiritsa ntchito, ndicho chiwopsezo chachikulu. Kuteteza nyengo kumakhudza kutseka, zipangizo, madzi otuluka, ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha. Ngati mpandawo usunga chinyezi kapena kuwonongeka mu UV, chipangizocho chingalephereke nthawi yayitali magetsi asanafike kumapeto. Deta ya zipangizo za NIST yokhudza dzimbiri ndi kusinthasintha kwa nyengo ikugogomezera kuti kulimba kwakunja kumadalira momwe chinyezi, mchere, kuwala, ndi kusintha kwa kutentha zimakhudzira, osati chinthu chimodzi chokha.

Pakulankhulana ndi malo opezeka anthu onse, izi zikutanthauza kuti chinthucho chiyenera kuweruzidwa potengera momwe zinthu zilili. Malo obisalamo mabasi amvula amafunika kutetezedwa ndi madzi komanso zilembo zowerengeka. Malo oyendamo m'mphepete mwa nyanja amafunika kupirira chifunga cha mchere komanso zida zosagwira dzimbiri. Kukhazikitsa kwa kumpoto kungafunike kuchita zinthu zoyambira kutentha kochepa komanso kusinthasintha kwa chingwe m'malo ozizira. Ngati chilengedwe chili choopsa koma kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kuli kochepa, foni yosagwedezeka ndi nyengo nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri. Ngati kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kuli koopsa komanso nyengo ili yochepa, foni yosagwedezeka ndi zinthu nthawi zambiri imakhala yabwino kwambiri. Ngati zonse ziwiri zili zowopsa, yankho lake ndi chipangizo cholimba chakunja.

Momwe mungasankhire pakati pawo potengera momwe zinthu zilili

Chisankho chabwino kwambiri chimawonekera bwino mukasankha njira yolakwika kwambiri patsamba lino.

Gome ili m'munsimu limapereka chithunzithunzi chokhudza kusankha njira yolumikizirana ndi malo opezeka anthu onse. Sikokwanira kufunsa komwe foniyo imayikidwa; muyenera kudziwa amene angaifikire, kangati imagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso chomwe chingailepheretse poyamba.

Mu mapulojekiti ambiri a anthu onse, chisankhocho chikhoza kuchepetsedwa kukhala mafunso atatu: kodi malowo ali pachiwopsezo cha nyengo, kodi chipangizocho chili pachiwopsezo cha anthu, ndipo ndi chiti chomwe chingasokoneze kuyimba foni mwadzidzidzi? Ngati yankho la zonse zitatu ndi inde, kapangidwe kake kapamwamba kwambiri kamakhala koyenera ngakhale mtengo wogulira uli wokwera. Izi ndi zoona makamaka ngati foni ili gawo la njira yolumikizirana ya anthu onse yomwe imaphatikizaponsomakina a intercomkapenaintaneti yowongolera mwayi wolowera.

Miyezo, mavoti, ndi njira zoyesera zofunika

Zipangizo zolumikizirana m'malo opezeka anthu onse ziyenera kusankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zofunikira zomwe zingathe kuyesedwa, osati mawu ofotokozera osamveka bwino.

Malo othandiza kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito kutseka kwakunja ndi IEC 60529, yomwe imafotokoza ma IP ratings monga IP65, IP66, ndi IP67. IP65 imatanthauza kutseka fumbi komanso kutetezedwa ku ma jets amadzi; IP66 imatanthauza kutseka fumbi komanso kutetezedwa ku ma jets amphamvu amadzi; IP67 imatanthauza kutseka fumbi komanso kutetezedwa ku kumizidwa kwakanthawi mpaka mita imodzi kwa mphindi 30 pansi pa muyezo woyeserera. Pa kukana kugwedezeka, IEC 62262 imagwiritsa ntchito sikelo ya IK, pomwe IK10 ikugwirizana ndi ma joules 20 a mphamvu yogwedezeka. Manambala amenewo si chilankhulo chotsatsa; ndi chilankhulo chogula.

Bungwe la US Federal Communications Commission limalembanso zofunikira pa chenjezo ladzidzidzi komanso kulumikizana ndi chitetezo cha anthu pankhani ya mfundo zambiri, ndipo ogula ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ziyembekezo zimenezo kuti agwirizane ndi zolinga za nthawi yogwira ntchito komanso zofikira anthu. Pa malo oletsa matenda kapena malo odzaza ukhondo, magulu a malo nthawi zina amakambirana.Malangizo a CDC okhudza kupewa matendaPosankha malo ndi njira zoyeretsera, makamaka ngati malo olumikizirana ali pamalo opezeka anthu ambiri. Kwa magulu ogula zinthu, phunziro lothandiza ndi losavuta: funsani IP code yeniyeni, mayeso enieni a kukhudzidwa, njira yeniyeni yoyikira, ndi njira yeniyeni yopezera chithandizo.

Chifukwa chomwe kulumikizana kwa malo ogwirira ntchito za anthu onse kumalephereka m'moyo weniweni

Zolephera zambiri pakulankhulana m'malo opezeka anthu onse zimachitika chifukwa chakuti malo oikira zinthu sanaganizidwe bwino, osati chifukwa chakuti malo olumikizirana mawu sanapangidwe bwino.

Kulephera kwa zenizeni nthawi zambiri kumagawidwa m'magulu asanu: nkhanza zakuthupi, kulowa kwa madzi, dzimbiri, kuipitsidwa, kusokonezeka kwa magetsi, ndi kusamveka bwino kwa mawu. Foni yomwe imawoneka yolimba ikhoza kulepherabe ngati mbale yoyikiramo imasuka, zitseko zikukalamba, kapena batani loyimba likuvuta kupeza chifukwa cha kupsinjika. M'malo aphokoso, kumveka bwino ndikofunikira. Chipangizo chimatha kulira mokweza koma chikalepherabe wogwiritsa ntchito ngati maikolofoni kapena sipika sangathe kusokoneza phokoso lozungulira. Makina amawu a mafakitale nthawi zambiri amalunjika pamlingo wolankhula womwe umamveka bwino kuposa phokoso lakumbuyo, ndipo ndichifukwa chake kapangidwe ka mawu kamafunikanso monga kapangidwe ka enclosure.

Pazifukwa zadzidzidzi, nthawi yoyankhira ndi gawo la chinthucho. Ngati malo oimbira foni ndi ovuta kwambiri, obisika kwambiri, kapena osalimba kwambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito sadzawakhulupirira. Chifukwa chake, malo aboma ayenera kuyesa kuwoneka bwino, kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino magolovesi, komanso kugwirira ntchito bwino. Lamulo losavuta limagwira ntchito: malo osadziwika komanso opsinjika, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti foni ipezeke, izindikirike, ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa masekondi ochepa.

Zoyenera kufunsa musanagule foni yolumikizirana ndi malo opezeka anthu onse

Ogula anzeru amayerekezera zoopsa, osati zonena za mabulosha.

1. Kodi vuto lalikulu ndi chiyani: kuwononga zinthu, nyengo, dzimbiri, kapena zonse zitatu?
2. Kodi ndi IP rating iti yomwe ikufunika pa malo okhazikitsa: IP65, IP66, kapena IP67?
3. Kodi ndi kukana kotani komwe kumafunika: kodi IK10 ndiyofunikira, kapena kodi mlingo wochepa ndi wovomerezeka?
4. Kodi chipangizochi chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zadzidzidzi zomwe zimafuna kugwiridwa ntchito kamodzi kokha?
5. Kodi chipangizochi chingakonzedwe popanda kuwononga zonse zomwe zayikidwa?
6. Kodi zida zosinthira, zingwe, ndi mabatani zilipo kuti zikonzedwe kwa nthawi yayitali?

Kwa magulu a polojekiti, mafunso awa amachepetsa kukonzanso kokwera mtengo. Foni yosagwedezeka ndi mphepo yomwe ndi yosavuta kupopera koma yosavuta kutsegula si yoyenera malo oimika mabasi. Foni yosagwedezeka yomwe imapulumuka ikagundana koma ikaphwanyika mumlengalenga wamchere si yoyenera malo oyendamo m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mafotokozedwe olondola ndi omwe amapulumuka mbiri yeniyeni ya malowo, osati omwe ndi ongopeka.

Tebulo loyerekeza: foni yosawononga poyerekeza ndi foni yosagonjetsedwa ndi nyengo

Njira yosavuta yoyerekeza ziwirizi ndiyo kusiyanitsa nkhanza za anthu ndi kukhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe.

Mu mapulojekiti ambiri olumikizirana ndi malo opezeka anthu onse, zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimachokera posankha chipangizo chomwe chimakhala chovuta kwambiri kuthana nacho chifukwa cha vuto lalikulu la malowa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuwerengera kosavuta panja sikokwanira m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, komanso chifukwa chake chipangizo chokhala ndi zida zambiri sichingakhale chofunikira pamalo abata koma amvula.

Pamene kapangidwe kolimba kosakanikirana ndi njira yanzeru kwambiri

Kapangidwe kolimba kosakanikirana nthawi zambiri kamakhala yankho lotsika mtengo kwambiri pamene nkhanza ndi nyengo zonse zili zoopsa zenizeni.

Malo ambiri opezeka anthu onse sangagwirizane bwino ndi gulu limodzi. Malo oyendera anthu m'mphepete mwa nyanja angakumane ndi kupopera mankhwala, mchenga, ndi kuwonongedwa. Malo ozungulira bwalo lamasewera angakumane ndi mvula, kutsuka magetsi, komanso kukakamizidwa ndi anthu ambiri. Pazochitikazi, cholinga chogula foni chiyenera kukhala foni yophatikiza zida zamagetsi zotsekedwa, nyumba zosagwedezeka, zomangira zosagwedezeka, ndi zida zosungiramo zinthu. Ubwino wa njira imeneyi ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha moyo: kuyimba mafoni ochepa, kuzimitsa kwadzidzidzi kochepa, komanso kusinthidwa kochepa.

Pa mapulojekiti akuluakulu, mtengo wa moyo wonse ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa mtengo wotsika kwambiri wogulira. Chipangizo chodula pang'ono chomwe chimapewa chochitika chimodzi cholephera kuyimba chingapulumutse ndalama zambiri pantchito, kudziwitsidwa za chitetezo, komanso kutayika kwa mbiri. Malinga ndi mfundo za kukonzekera chitetezo cha anthu, njira yolumikizirana yofunika kwambiri ndi yomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amawadalira mokwanira kuti agwiritse ntchito akamavutika maganizo. Ngati mukuyerekeza mizere ya malonda, yambani ndi zosowa zachilengedwe, kenako yang'anani ngatifoni ya kundendekapangidwe ka kalembedwe,foni yotetezeka ku nyengokusindikiza, kapenafoni yosawonongaKapangidwe kake kakugwirizana bwino ndi tsamba lanu.

Ndondomeko yosankha mainjiniya, oyang'anira malo, ndi ogula

Njira yachangu kwambiri yosankha ndikulemba malowo kuti asawonekere, asagwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika, komanso kuti asakonzedwe.

1. Pezani kuchuluka kwa nyengo kuyambira 0 mpaka 5: mkati, panja, poyera, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kapena m'malo osambira.
2. Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi nkhanza kuyambira 0 mpaka 5: mwayi woyang'aniridwa, kugwiritsa ntchito anthu pang'ono, kapena mwayi wodana/wosadziwika.
3. Kulekerera kukonza kuyambira 0 mpaka 5: kupeza mosavuta ntchito, antchito ochepa, kapena kukhazikitsa kovuta kufikako.
4. Sankhani choyamba choteteza ku mphepo ngati chiŵerengero cha chilengedwe chili chapamwamba kwambiri.
5. Sankhani choyamba cholimbana ndi kuwononga ngati chiŵerengero cha nkhanza chili chachikulu kwambiri.
6. Sankhani chipangizo cholimba ngati zigoli zonse ziwiri zili zambiri ndipo nthawi yopuma si yoyenera.

Dongosololi limagwira ntchito chifukwa limasonyeza momwe kulephera kumachitikira. Chipangizo sichiyenera kukhala champhamvu kwambiri m'gulu lililonse; chiyenera kukhala champhamvu kwambiri pamene tsambalo lili lofooka kwambiri. Imeneyi ndiyo njira yothandiza kwambiri yofotokozera zida zolumikizirana za malo opezeka anthu onse popanda kugula zinthu zambiri zomwe sizidzagwiritsidwa ntchito.

FAQ

Ndi foni iti yabwino kwambiri pa siteshoni yoyendera anthu, foni yosawononga kapena foni yosagwedezeka ndi mphepo?

Foni yosawononga nthawi zambiri imakhala yabwino pa siteshoni yoyendera anthu chifukwa chiopsezo chachikulu ndi nkhanza, kusokonezedwa, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi anthu onse, ngakhale kuti m'mphepete mwa siteshoni yakunja mungafunikenso kutetezedwa ku mphepo.

Kodi IP66 ndi yokwanira kulumikizana ndi malo opezeka anthu onse?

IP66 nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwanira fumbi ndi madzi olemera motsatira IEC 60529, koma siimalowa m'malo mwa kukana kugwedezeka kapena chitetezo cha kusokoneza m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri.

Kodi kupirira nyengo kumatanthauza kuti zinthu sizingawonongeke?

Ayi. Kuteteza nyengo kumateteza ku kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, pomwe kukana kuwonongeka kumateteza ku nkhanza zakuthupi ndi kusokonezedwa.

Kodi IK10 ndi chiyani ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani ili yofunika?

IK10 ndi yolimba kwambiri polimbana ndi kugwedezeka mu IEC 62262 ndipo imagwirizana ndi ma joules 20 a mphamvu yogwedezeka, zomwe zimathandiza pa malo oikapo magalimoto a anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Kodi chipangizo chimodzi chingathe kuthana ndi kuwononga zinthu komanso nyengo?

Inde. Malo ambiri aboma amagwiritsa ntchito foni yolimba yomwe imaphatikiza zida zamagetsi zotsekedwa, malo olimba, ndi zida zosagwedezeka.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe ndiyenera kuziika patsogolo poyamba?

Choyamba, yambitsani njira yolephera yomwe ingalepheretse kulankhulana: kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika, kulowa, dzimbiri, kapena kumveka bwino kwa mawu.

Kodi ndingachepetse bwanji ndalama zokonzera pakapita nthawi?

Sankhani zida zogwiritsira ntchito, zipangizo zosagwira dzimbiri, zomangira zolimba, ndi kapangidwe kogwirizana ndi momwe chipangizocho chilili kuti chisagwiritsidwe ntchito mopitirira muyeso kapena kuti chisatetezedwe mokwanira.