Momwe Mungasankhire Foni Yosalowerera Nyengo Pamalo Ogulitsa Mafakitale

Chiyambi

Kusankha foni yotetezeka ku nyengo ya malo opangira mafakitale kumatanthauza kulinganiza kulimba, chitetezo, ndi kudalirika kwa kulumikizana pansi pa mikhalidwe yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito. Chida choyenera chiyenera kupitiriza kugwira ntchito ngakhale mvula, fumbi, phokoso, kusintha kwa kutentha, ndi zadzidzidzi, komanso kuyika njira zoyankhira pa netiweki ndi mayankho a malowo. Kusankha kolakwika kungayambitse mafoni osayankhidwa, malipoti ochedwa a ngozi, komanso nthawi yotsika mtengo yogwira ntchito. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zinthu zofunika kwambiri, kuphatikizapo ziwerengero zoteteza chilengedwe, kumveka bwino kwa mawu, mawonekedwe adzidzidzi, zosankha zoyikira, ndi kuyanjana kwa makina, kuti mutha kufananiza mitundu ndi kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe zingagwire ntchito moyenera m'malo ovuta amakampani.

Chifukwa Chake Kufunika kwa Telefoni Yoyenera Yosagwedezeka ndi Nyengo

In malo ofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale, zomangamanga zolumikizirana si njira yophweka yogwirira ntchito; ndi njira yofunikira yotetezera. Foni yotetezeka ku nyengo imagwira ntchito ngati njira yofunikira kwambiri pamene maukonde akuluakulu a wailesi alephera, kutsika kwa ma laputopu, kapena zochitika zadzidzidzi zapafupi zimafuna kulumikizana mwachangu komanso mothandizidwa ndi waya. Kusankha chipangizo choyenera kumatsimikizira kuti ogwira ntchito amatha kugwirizanitsa ntchito ndikuyambitsa njira zadzidzidzi mwachangu.

Kulephera kulankhulana m'mafakitale kumadzetsa zilango zazikulu zachuma ndi chitetezo. Kulephera kugwira ntchito kosakonzekera m'mafakitale akuluakulu kumatha kupitirira $20,000 pa ola limodzi, ndipo kuchedwa kwa mayankho adzidzidzi kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kuvulala kwakukulu kwa ogwira ntchito kapena kutayika kwa katundu. Chifukwa chake, kusankha foni yomwe singagwere nyengo kumafuna kuwunika kolimba kwa kulimba kwa chilengedwe, magwiridwe antchito a mawu, komanso kugwirira ntchito kwa makina.

Mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito ndi zosowa zadzidzidzi

Momwe malo ogwirira ntchito amagwirira ntchito zimatengera zomwe chipangizo chilichonse cholumikizirana chimagwiritsa ntchito. Malo omwe ali ndi mvula yamphamvu, tinthu tating'onoting'ono touluka, komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kumafuna malo otchingira omwe amaletsa kulowa kwa chilengedwe. Pazochitika zadzidzidzi, foni iyenera kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo ikakwezedwa pafoni, kupyola njira zovuta zoyimbira kudzera muzinthu zoyimbira zokha kapena mafoni olandirira omwe amatumizidwa mwachindunji ku chipinda chowongolera chapakati.

Kufunika kothandiza pa nthawi yadzidzidzi kumatanthauzanso kuwoneka bwino komanso kupezeka mosavuta. Zipangizo nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi ma beacons owoneka bwino kwambiri (nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito pa 12V kapena 24V DC) ndi ma loud ring akunja omwe amatha kutulutsa phokoso pa phokoso la mafakitale. Kuphatikiza kwa pulogalamu yowunikira zolakwika kumalola kuti akuluakulu azigwira ntchito nthawi ndi nthawi, kuonetsetsa kuti mzere ndi foni zikugwira ntchito mokwanira ngozi isanachitike.

Malo omwe mafakitale amafunidwa kwambiri

Malo omwe anthu ambiri amawafuna monga malo oyeretsera mafuta, malo obowolera zinthu m'mphepete mwa nyanja,migodi ya dzenje lotseguka, ndipo ngalande za sitima zimakhala ndi zovuta zapadera zoyankhulirana komanso zakuthupi. M'malo awa, phokoso lozungulira nthawi zambiri limapitirira 90 dB(A), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zodziwika bwino zamafoni zisagwire ntchito. Foni yodziwika bwino yolimbana ndi nyengo iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni yoletsa phokoso ndi zolandirira mphamvu kuti ichotse mawu a wogwiritsa ntchito ku makina olemera komanso phokoso la chilengedwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, malo amenewa amachititsa kuti zipangizo zizigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zinthu zowononga monga mankhwala opopera madzi amchere, nthunzi ya asidi, ndi kuwala kosalekeza kwa ultraviolet (UV). Zipangizo ziyenera kusankhidwa osati kokha kuti zisagwe msanga komanso kuti zikhale zolimba kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, chipangizo choyikidwa m'malo a m'nyanja chiyenera kupirira chinyezi chopitirira mchere popanda kuwononga ma PCB kapena keypad yakunja.

Mafotokozedwe Ofunika Kuyerekeza

Kuyerekeza zofunikira ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa njira yogulira. Mafoni a mafakitale ndi ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zaukadaulo, ndipo ma datasheet awo ayenera kufufuzidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti akukwaniritsa zofunikira zenizeni za malo ogwiritsira ntchito. Mainjiniya ndi akuluakulu ogula ayenera kuwunika mizati itatu yayikulu yaukadaulo: ziwerengero zodalirika zachilengedwe, njira zotumizira ma netiweki, ndi kapangidwe ka zida zakuthupi.

Chitetezo cha kulowa, kukana kukhudzidwa, ndi kutentha komwe kulipo

Kulimba kwa chilengedwe kumayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma ratings ofanana. Chitetezo cha Kulowa (IP) ndi Chitetezo cha Kukhudzidwa (IK) ndizomwe zimayesedwa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti IP65 ndi yokwanira kugwiritsidwa ntchito panja, malo ovuta kwambiri amafakitale amafunika IP66 (chitetezo ku ma jets amphamvu amadzi) kapena IP67 (chitetezo ku kumizidwa kwakanthawi). Mofananamo, IK10 imatsimikizira kuti mpandawo ukhoza kupirira kugwedezeka kwa ma joule 20—kofanana ndi kulemera kwa 5 kg komwe kwatsika kuchokera ku 400 mm.

Kulekerera kutentha n'kofunika kwambiri. Zipangizo zamagetsi zamalonda zimalephera mofulumira m'mafakitale. Foni yeniyeni yolimbana ndi nyengo iyenera kupereka kutentha koyenera kuyambira -30°C mpaka +65°C. Pa ntchito za arctic kapena foundry, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kutentha kotalika kuyambira -40°C mpaka +75°C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma PCB onse ndi ma LCD owonetsera apadera a nyengo yozizira agwiritsidwe ntchito.

Zosankha za analogi, SIP, GSM, ndi LTE

Kusankha ukadaulo wotumizira mauthenga kumatanthauza kulumikizidwa kwa chipangizochi mu netiweki yayikulu ya fakitale. Mafoni a analog akadali otchuka pa zomangamanga zakale, amapereka maulumikizidwe odalirika a mawaya awiri omwe amatha kutumiza ma signali mpaka makilomita 5 popanda kukulitsa. Ndi olimba kwambiri koma alibe njira zamakono zodziwira kutali.

Mafoni a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) kapena Voice over IP (VoIP) ndi omwe ali muyezo wamakono. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma waya okhazikika a Ethernet, mafoni a SIP amathandizira Power over Ethernet (PoE 802.3af/at), ma codec a audio apamwamba (G.722), komanso kasamalidwe ka intaneti. Kwa malo akutali omwe alibe zomangamanga zolimba, mafoni a GSM kapena LTE omwe sakhudzidwa ndi nyengo amapereka kulumikizana kwa opanda zingwe, zomwe zimafuna gwero lamagetsi lapafupi ndi SIM khadi yogwira ntchito pa band yodalirika ya 4G.

Zofunikira pa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mawu, foni yam'manja, ndi mawu

Kapangidwe kake ka chitseko ndi foni ya m'manja ndi komwe kumatsimikiza nthawi ya chipangizocho. Ma chitseko nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku aluminiyamu yopangidwa ndi chitsulo (yabwino kwambiri pakukhudza ndi kulimba kwa zinthu zonse) kapena Glass-Reinforced Polyester (GRP). GRP imakondedwa kwambiri m'malo okhala ndi mankhwala ndi m'nyanja chifukwa cha chitetezo chake ku dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri la galvanic.

Zingwe za m'manja ndi malo odziwika bwino olephera kugwira ntchito m'mafakitale. Ma model olemera amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zozungulira zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zokhala ndi lanyard yachitsulo chamkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yokoka ikhale yochepera 200 kg. Kuchokera pamawu, choyimbira chamkati chiyenera kupanga osachepera 85 dB(A) pa mtunda wa mita imodzi, pomwe ma amplifier ophatikizidwa (nthawi zambiri mpaka 15W) amatha kuyendetsa ma speaker akunja kuti azitha kuwulutsa pa intaneti m'malo ambiri.

Kutsatira Malamulo, Kukhazikitsa, ndi Mtengo Wonse

Kupatula zofunikira zaukadaulo, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino netiweki ya mafoni yomwe singagwere nyengo kumadalira kwambiri kutsatira malamulo, njira zoyikira, ndi mtengo wonse wa umwini (TCO). Chipangizo chomwe ndi chotsika mtengo kugula koma chovuta kuphatikiza kapena chosatsatira malangizo achitetezo am'deralo pamapeto pake chimabweretsa ndalama zambiri zosayembekezereka.

Miyezo ndi zivomerezo zofunikira

Zipangizo zolumikizirana zamafakitale ziyenera kutsatira miyezo yokhwima yapadziko lonse komanso yachigawo. Zovomerezeka zoyambirira zikuphatikizapo kutsatira CE, FCC, ndi RoHS. Ngati malowa ali ndi mpweya kapena fumbi loyaka, mafoni wamba osapsa ndi nyengo sakwanira; zipangizozo ziyenera kukhala zotetezeka mwachibadwa kapenayotetezeka kuphulika, yokhala ndi ATEX, Ziphaso za IECEx, kapena UL Class I Division 1/2.

Miyezo yopezera zinthu mosavuta imagwiranso ntchito m'madera ena. Zipangizo zingafunike kutsatira lamulo la Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) kapena miyezo yofanana yapadziko lonse, zomwe zimafuna kutalika kwa malo oikira, zolandirira zothandizira kumva (HAC), ndi ma keypad ogwira okhala ndi zizindikiro za Braille.

Mphamvu, mawaya, kuyika, ndi zinthu zogwirizanitsa

Zinthu zoyika zimasiyana kwambiri kutengera ukadaulo womwe wasankhidwa. Mafoni a SIP omwe amayendetsedwa ndi PoE (omwe amafuna mphamvu mpaka 15.4W) amasinthasintha mawaya pophatikiza deta ndi mphamvu mu chingwe chimodzi cha Cat5e/Cat6. Komabe, ngati foni ili ndi chotenthetsera cholumikizidwa kuti chizizizira kwambiri kapena honi yakunja yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, PoE+ (30W) kapena magetsi a 110V/220V AC apadera angafunike.

Zosankha zomangira ziyenera kusankhidwa koyambirira kwa gawo lokonzekera malo. Magawo omangidwira pakhoma ndi ofunikira kwambiri m'maholo amafakitale amkati, koma mipanda yakunja kapena migodi yotseguka nthawi zambiri imafuna zipilala zolimba komanso zoyimirira. Zinthu zomangira zimaphatikizaponso kukonza zida za SIP kuti zilembetsedwe bwino ndi malo ogwirira ntchito.IP-PBX yomwe ilipo(monga nsanja za Cisco, Avaya, kapena Asterisk).

Zoyendetsa mtengo kuposa mtengo wogulira

Mtengo wogulira foni yosagwedezeka ndi nyengo nthawi zambiri umayambira pa $300 pa mayunitsi oyambira a analog mpaka kupitirira $1,200 pa mitundu yapamwamba ya SIP yokhala ndi ma GRP enclosures ndi ma beacons akunja. Komabe, mtengo wogulira ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la TCO.

Zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera ndalama zimaphatikizapo ntchito yokhazikitsa (nthawi zambiri $150–$300 pa ola limodzi kwa akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zamagetsi m'malo oopsa), kuyika mawaya pa chingwe, ndi zilolezo za mapulogalamu kuti agwirizane ndi PBX. Kuti achepetse TCO, ogula ayenera kusankha zipangizo zomwe zili ndi Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) zomwe zimapitirira maola 50,000 komanso mphamvu zoyendetsera zinthu patali, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kufunika kotumiza zinthu zokonzedwa pamalopo.

Momwe Mungagulitsire ndi Kupeza Ogulitsa Oyenerera

Kugula zida zolumikizirana zamafakitale kumafuna kufufuza ogulitsa mosamala monga momwe zidazo zilili. Msikawu uli ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a ogulitsa, ndipo kusankha mnzanu woyenera kumatsimikizira kuti pali chitsimikizo chodalirika, chithandizo chaukadaulo, komanso kupezeka kwa zida zosinthira kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mafunso okhudza khalidwe la kupanga ndi kuyesa

Posankha wopanga, ogula ayenera kufunsa za njira zawo zotsimikizira ubwino ndi mayeso. Wogulitsa wodalirika ayenera kupereka zikalata zoyesera zachilengedwe mosavuta. Pa ntchito za m'madzi, funsani satifiketi yoyesera mchere yomwe ikuwonetsa kuti yakhala ikukhudzidwa kwa maola osachepera 96 ​​popanda kuwonongeka.

Kuyesa mawu n'kofunika kwambiri. Funsani momwe wopanga amavomerezera mphamvu ya maikolofoni awo yoletsa phokoso. Kuphatikiza apo, onaninso nthawi ya chitsimikizo; zamagetsi wamba zimaperekedwa kwa miyezi 12, pomwe mafoni amagetsi okhazikika omwe amalimbana ndi nyengo ayenera kukhala ndi chitsimikizo kuyambira miyezi 24 mpaka 36, ​​zomwe zikusonyeza chidaliro cha wopanga mu ziwerengero zawo za MTBF.

Opanga, ophatikiza, ndi ogulitsa poyerekeza

Ogula amatha kupeza zida kudzera mwa opanga mwachindunji (OEMs), ophatikiza makina, kapena ogulitsa masheya. Njira iliyonse imapereka zabwino zosiyanasiyana kutengera kukula kwa polojekiti.

Ma OEM Olunjika ndi abwino kwambiri pamapulojekiti akuluakulu omwe amafuna mitundu yokhazikika, mawonekedwe enieni a autodial, kapena mtengo wotsika wa mayunitsi pamtengo wapamwamba wa Minimum Order Quantities (MOQs). Zophatikiza zimawonjezera phindu poyika mafoni ndiMakina a PBX ndi ma network a PA, ngakhale pa chizindikiro. Ogawa ndi abwino kwambiri posintha mwachangu komanso mopanda kuchuluka komwe nthawi yobweretsera kwa sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri sivomerezeka.

Njira yosankha yothandiza

Njira yosankha yothandiza imayamba ndi kuwunika kwathunthu kwa malo kuti ifotokoze bwino ma IP/IK ratings ndi zofunikira pa mawu. Kenako, perekani Pempho la Chidziwitso (RFI) kwa omwe amapereka chithandizo, kupempha satifiketi yotsatirira malamulo ndi deta ya MTBF.

Musanagule chilichonse m'galimoto, nthawi zonse pezani chitsanzo. Ikani chitsanzochi pamalo ovuta kwambiri pamalopo. Yesani kumveka bwino kwa maikolofoni panthawi ya phokoso lalikulu, onetsetsani kuti netiwekiyo yalumikizidwa ndi PBX yomwe ilipo, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida zoyikiramo zimapirira kugwedezeka kwapafupi.

Ndondomeko Yopangira Zisankho ndi Zolakwa Zofala

Kumaliza kugula mafoni osapsa ndi nyengo kumafuna dongosolo lokonzekera zisankho lomwe limawonetsa zinthu zinazake za chipangizocho ku zoopsa zomwe zili pamalopo. Kupewa mavuto ofanana kumatsimikizira kuti netiweki yolumikizirana yomwe ikubwera ikugwira ntchito bwino pa moyo wake wazaka 10 mpaka 15.

Kufananiza mitundu ya mafoni ndi zoopsa za tsamba

Kugwirizanitsa mtundu wa foni ndi chiopsezo cha malo kumafuna kugawa madera omwe ali mkati mwa malo ogwirira ntchito. Pa malo ojambulira zinthu wamba, foni ya SIP yokhala ndi makiyibodi yokhala ndi aluminiyamu yokhala ndi IP66 nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwanira. Komabe, pa malo opangira mankhwala okhala ndi phokoso lalikulu, mbiri ya chiopsezo imafuna GRP enclosure (yoteteza ku mankhwala), IP67, yopanda keypad (yodziyimbira yokha kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa ndi magolovesi odetsedwa), ndi chovala choteteza wogwiritsa ntchito ku phokoso lakumbuyo la 90+ dB.

Mofananamo, zipata zakutali zomwe zilibe mawaya enieni a netiweki zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chodzipatula. M'madera awa, foni yolumikizidwa ndi LTE yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi solar panel ndi batire yapafupi imachepetsa chiopsezo cha mizere yolumikizirana yodulidwa, bola ngati mphamvu ya chizindikiro cha 4G yapafupi yatsimikiziridwa isanayikidwe.

Zolakwika zomwe anthu ambiri amasankha zomwe ayenera kupewa

Cholakwika chomwe chimachitika kawirikawiri pakupanga zinthu ndi kunyalanyaza malo ozungulira mkati mwa chipindacho. Ngakhale kuti IP67 imaletsa madzi akunja kulowa, kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kungayambitse kuzizira kwamkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti PCB iwonongeke. Kusankha malo ozungulira okhala ndi ma valve opumira a Gore-Tex kumaletsa kusonkhanitsa chinyezi kumeneku.

Cholakwika china chofala ndi kuganiza kuti SIP ikugwirizana ndi anthu onse. Ngakhale kuti SIP ndi muyezo (RFC3261), machitidwe a IP-PBX omwe ali ndi dzina lokha nthawi zina amafunika kusintha firmware inayake. Kulephera kutsimikizira kuti SIP 2.0 ikugwirizana bwanji panthawi yoyesa zitsanzo kungayambitse kuyimitsa mafoni kapena ma DTMF omwe sagwira ntchito.

Pomaliza, ogula nthawi zambiri amanyoza kuwonongeka kwa chingwe. Kuyika foni yapamwamba kwambiri yosagwedezeka ndi nyengo pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha Cat5e chovomerezeka mkati kumabweretsa kulephera kwa UV ndi chinyezi pamalo olumikizira. Nthawi zonse tchulani chingwe cholimba chomwe sichingagwere UV, chokhala ndi zida, kapena chodzazidwa ndi gel kuti chigwirizane ndi kulimba kwa chipangizo cha fonicho.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Zomaliza zofunika kwambiri komanso zifukwa zomveka zogwiritsira ntchito foni yotetezeka ku nyengo
• Mafotokozedwe, kutsata malamulo, ndi macheke owopsa oyenera kutsimikiziridwa musanachite izi
• Njira zotsatila zogwira mtima komanso machenjezo omwe owerenga angagwiritse ntchito nthawi yomweyo

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi foni yomwe siigwira ntchito panja m'mafakitale iyenera kukhala ndi IP yotani?

Sankhani osachepera IP66 ngati mvula yamphamvu ndi malo otayira madzi. Gwiritsani ntchito IP67 komwe kungatheke kumizidwa kwakanthawi kapena kusefukira kwa madzi.

Kodi ndingasankhe bwanji pakati pa mafoni a analog ndi a SIP omwe sakhudzidwa ndi nyengo?

Gwiritsani ntchito analogi pamakina osavuta a waya awiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zazitali. Sankhani SIP/VoIP pamanetiweki amakono, kuyang'anira kutali, komanso kuphatikiza kosavuta ndi makina a IP PBX.

Kodi ndi liti pamene foni yosaphulika imakhala yabwino kuposa foni wamba yosagwedezeka ndi nyengo?

Gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yosaphulika m'malo oopsa monga mafuta, gasi, mankhwala, kapena madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha fumbi. Yang'anani ziphaso zofunika monga ATEX musanagule.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimafunika kwambiri m'malo opangira zinthu zopanga phokoso?

Ikani patsogolo maikolofoni oletsa phokoso, zolandirira zotulutsa mawu ambiri, ma beacon owunikira, ndi zoyimbira zakunja zokweza mawu kuti kuyimba kukhale komveka bwino kuposa phokoso la makina.

N’chifukwa chiyani mungagule foni yoteteza nyengo kuchokera ku Siniwo?

Siniwo imapereka njira zothetsera mavuto okhudzana ndi mafakitale kuyambira pakupanga mpaka kukonza, yokhala ndi zinthu zotetezeka ku nyengo komanso zoopsa m'malo otetezedwa ku mphepo, khalidwe lovomerezeka, komanso luso lotumiza zinthu m'maiko opitilira 70.