Kodi makina olankhulira oletsa kuphulika amapereka bwanji machenjezo akutali?

• Kugwira ntchito kwakutali kumadalira mphamvu ya mawu, kuwongolera, kutalika kwa malo okwerera, ndi phokoso, osati mphamvu ya sipika yokha.
• Makina ochenjeza malo oopsa ayenera kufananizidwa ndi magulu a madera, chitetezo cha kulowa, ndi zofunikira za satifiketi ya malowo.
• Mapulojekiti olankhulira anthu onse m'mafakitale ayenera kupangidwa motsatira kumveka bwino, mapu ofotokozera, ndi njira zopezera zinthu zokonzedwa m'malo motsatira mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa mayunitsi.
• Machenjezo odalirika akutali nthawi zambiri amafunikira njira yogwiritsira ntchito dongosolo: wokamba nkhani, amplifier, controller, cable, ndi power backup.

Kapangidwe ka makina olankhulira oti asaphulike ndi kupereka chenjezo lomveka bwino nthawi yomwe ikufunika kuphulika, makamaka komwe phokoso lozungulira, malo otseguka, ndi mlengalenga woopsa zimapangitsa kuti paging wamba isagwire ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, OSHA imanena kuti ma alamu adzidzidzi ayenera kukhala osiyana komanso omveka bwino, pomweNFPA 72kumafuna kumveka bwino komanso kumveka bwino kuti zithetsedwe pakupanga alamu yamoto komanso kulumikizana mwadzidzidzi. Mu ntchito yeniyeni yolumikizirana ndi anthu onse m'mafakitale, nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza kupanga malire a kuthamanga kwa phokoso pamwamba pa phokoso lakumbuyo, kenako kutsimikizira kuphimba panthawi yoyambitsa ntchito. Ngati mukuyerekeza mabanja azinthu mongafoni yosaphulika, foni yoteteza nyengonditelefoni ya mafakitale, chofunika kwambiri ndikuwona wokamba nkhani ngati gawo la njira yolumikizirana yotetezeka, osati ngati bokosi lodziyimira lokha.

Momwe makina olankhulira osaphulika amapangira machenjezo akutali

Dongosolo la sipika losaphulika limapanga machenjezo akutali mwa kusintha mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu yolamulira ya mawu yomwe imakhalabe yomveka bwino pambuyo pa kutayika kwa mtunda ndi kuchepa kwa chilengedwe.

Mfundo yoyamba ndi kukweza mawu, osati kukweza mawu pang'ono. Kuthamanga kwa mawu kumatsika ndi pafupifupi 6 dB nthawi iliyonse mtunda ukawirikiza kawiri mu malo opanda phokoso, kotero sipika yovomerezeka pa mamita 10 ikhoza kukhala yosakwanira pa mamita 40 pokhapokha itasankhidwa ndikuyikidwa bwino. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kapangidwe ka alamu ya malo oopsa nthawi zambiri kamayamba ndi mapu ophimba, phokoso loyembekezeredwa la mlengalenga, ndi kumveka bwino kwa cholinga, kenako imagwira ntchito mobwerera ku mphamvu yotulutsa sipika yofunikira. M'mabwalo akunja, m'malo oyeretsera, m'malo opakira katundu, ndi m'misewu yamigodi, chenjezo liyenera kupikisana ndi injini, mapampu, mphepo, ndi malo owunikira.

Mfundo yachiwiri ndi yowongolera. Kapangidwe kokhala ndi nyanga kapena malo ozungulira amaika mphamvu ya mawu kudera lomvetsera, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mawu ofunikira popanda kukakamiza amplifier kuwononga mphamvu m'njira zosafunikira. Mfundo yachitatu ndi mutu wa makina. Ngati kamvekedwe ka chenjezo kapena uthenga wa mawu uli pafupi kwambiri ndi malire a amplifier, kupotoza kumakwera ndipo kumveka kumatsika. Mu makina olankhulira anthu onse m'mafakitale, chizindikiro choyera chokhala ndi malo okwanira nthawi zambiri chimakhala chothandiza kuposa cholankhulira chachikulu koma chosakonzedwa bwino.

Mfundo yachinayi ndi yoti munthu azitha kupulumuka. M'madera oopsa, malo otchingira ayenera kupirira fumbi, chinyezi, kukhudzana ndi mankhwala, kugwedezeka, ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Pankhani ya satifiketi, IEC 60079-0 imafotokoza zofunikira zonse pazida zophulika, ndipo mfundo zoteteza malo zimafotokozedwa mu mndandanda wa IEC 60079. Pa magwiridwe antchito a malo otchingira, mapangidwe ambiri amafakitale amatchulanso ma IP ratings pansi paIEC 60529Dongosolo likhoza kupereka machenjezo nthawi zonse ngati chotchingira ndi choyikiracho zipulumuka nthawi yayitali kuti zikhalebe zokhazikika komanso zokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chifukwa chiyani kumveka bwino kwa alamu ya malo oopsa ndikofunikira kuposa voliyumu yaiwisi

Kuzindikira bwino zinthu n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa mawu chifukwa ogwira ntchito ayenera kumvetsetsa chenjezo, osati kungozindikira kuti chipangizo chikumveka.

Pankhani yadzidzidzi, uthenga wokweza koma wosamveka bwino ungachedwetse kutuluka, kuyambitsa chisokonezo, ndikuyambitsa yankho lolakwika. Chiwopsezo chimenecho chimakhala chachikulu makamaka m'mafakitale okhala ndi mauthenga ambiri: kutuluka, malo obisalamo, kusokonekera kwa ntchito, kutuluka kwa mpweya, ndi machenjezo okonza. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.165 imafuna kuti ma alamu adzidzidzi akhale osiyana komanso odziwika, ndipo makina amawu m'mafakitale ambiri olankhulira anthu ayenera kusunga kumveka bwino kwa mawu pansi pa phokoso lalikulu. Apa ndi pomwe makina olankhulira opangidwa bwino omwe saphulika amakhala ofunika: adapangidwa kuti azithandiza chizindikiro chogwiritsidwa ntchito, osati chongodziwika.

Kachitidwe ka phokoso kamasinthasinthanso panja. Mphepo imatha kunyamula kapena kusokoneza mawu, kuwala kuchokera ku zitsulo kumatha kupanga kusefa kwa chisa, ndipo makina amatha kubisa ma frequency ofunikira mukulankhula. Chifukwa chakuti kumveka bwino kumadalira ma frequency, machitidwe ambiri amakonda kuyankha bwino pakati pa mawu ndi kutulutsa mawu mwamphamvu komanso kogwirizana kwa zizindikiro zotuluka. Mu alamu yoopsa, cholinga chake nthawi zambiri chimakhala kupeza malire abwino kuposa phokoso lozungulira pomwe kupewa kugwedezeka kwambiri kapena kusokonezeka.

Kwa magulu a mainjiniya, njira yabwino kwambiri yotsimikizira ndi kuyeza malo. Pa nthawi yopereka ntchito, akatswiri nthawi zambiri amatsimikiza kuti mawuwo akupezeka pamalo osiyanasiyana, amayesa phokoso lozungulira, ndikutsimikizira kuti mawuwo amamveka bwino nthawi zonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mapulojekiti olankhulira anthu m'mafakitale ayenera kufotokoza njira zovomerezeka kuyambira pachiyambi, m'malo mowona wokamba nkhani ngati chowonjezera cha zinthu.

Ndi miyezo iti yomwe imasankha makina olankhulira omwe saphulika?

Kusankha miyezo chifukwa kumafotokoza momwe chitetezo cha kuphulika, umphumphu wa malo obisika, ndi magwiridwe antchito a alamu ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa.

Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, kusankha zida za malo oopsa kuyenera kuganizira za kugawa kwa mlengalenga, lingaliro la chitetezo, ndi malo oyika. IEC 60079-0 ndiye muyezo wofunikira kwambiri wa zida zomwe zili mumlengalenga wophulika, pomwe mndandanda wonse wa IEC 60079 umakhudza njira zotetezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo oopsa. Pakuteteza fumbi ndi madzi m'malo obisika,IEC 60529imapereka dongosolo la ma code a IP, monga IP66 kapena IP67, lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala lofunikira pakukhazikitsa ma adilesi apagulu amakampani akunja. Pakumveka kwa alamu yadzidzidzi ndi kapangidwe ka makina ena ofanana,NFPA 72ikadali chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri m'mapulojekiti ambiri. OSHA imaperekanso zofunikira pazizindikiro zadzidzidzi mu 29 CFR 1910.165 ndi kukonzekera zochita zadzidzidzi mu 29 CFR 1910.38.

Maumboni awa salowa m'malo mwa ndemanga ya ma code am'deralo, koma amauza wogula zomwe ayenera kufunsa: kuchuluka kwa satifiketi, momwe amakhazikitsira, komanso ngati makinawo adapangidwira mpweya, fumbi, kapena malo osakanikirana. Tanthauzo lake ndi losavuta. Wokamba nkhani wooneka wolimba sikokwanira. Zolembazo ziyenera kufanana ndi gulu la zoopsa, kuchuluka kwa malo obisika, ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Ndi zinthu ziti zaukadaulo zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pa adilesi yapagulu yamafakitale yayitali?

Mafotokozedwe aukadaulo ndi ofunika kwambiri akamalumikizidwa ndi malo enieni omvetsera.

Pa machenjezo akutali, manambala anayi ayenera kusamalidwa bwino: mulingo wa kuthamanga kwa mawu, mphamvu yovotera, yankho la pafupipafupi, ndi mlingo wozungulira. SPL yapamwamba imatha kukulitsa mulingo wothandiza, koma pokhapokha ngati sipika ikumveka bwino ndipo amplifier ikhoza kupereka mphamvu yoyera. Mphamvu yovotera, yomwe nthawi zambiri imawonetsedwa mu ma watt, iyenera kuonedwa ngati mphamvu osati magwiridwe antchito. Kuyankha pafupipafupi ndikofunikira chifukwa kumvetsetsa kwa mawu kumadalira kwambiri kumveka bwino kwapakati pa band, osati kutulutsa kwa pafupipafupi kochepa kokha. Kuwerengera kwa enclosure ndikofunikira chifukwa kulowa kwa chinyezi, dzimbiri, ndi kuipitsidwa kwa fumbi kumatha kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito pang'onopang'ono ngakhale sipika ikayamba kugwira ntchito.

Kuyika ma mounting geometry n'kofunikanso. Cholankhulira chomwe chimayikidwa pamwamba komanso mopingasa kudera lomwe mukufuna nthawi zambiri chimagwira ntchito bwino kuposa chipangizo chokweza chomwe chimayikidwa pa ngodya yoyipa. Mu zomera zazikulu, mayunitsi angapo ang'onoang'ono angapereke chithunzi chabwino kuposa chipangizo chimodzi chachikulu chifukwa chimachepetsa madera amthunzi ndi kuwala. Izi zimachitika makamaka m'mafakitale komwe ma racks, mapaipi, makoma, ndi zida zosuntha zimapangitsa kuti mawu azimveka bwino.

Momwe mungasankhire makina olankhulira osaphulika patsamba lanu

Njira yabwino yosankhira ndikugwirizanitsa cholankhulira ndi zoopsa, kuchuluka kwa phokoso, ndi mawonekedwe a chophimba.

Yambani pofotokoza gulu la madera ndi ngati derali lili ndi mpweya, nthunzi, fumbi, kapena zoopsa zosiyanasiyana. Kenako yesani phokoso lozungulira panthawi ya ntchito zachizolowezi ndikupeza nthawi zomwe phokoso lalikulu limakhalapo. Alamu ya dera loopsa iyenera kukulitsidwa kuti igwirizane ndi mkhalidwe woipa kwambiri, osati kusintha kwa chete. Kenako, sankhani ngati mukufuna chenjezo la mawu okha, kulemba mawu, kapena kuphatikiza zonse ziwiri. Mawu ndi abwino pophunzitsa, pomwe mawu amatha kukhala achangu kuti munthu azindikire kutuluka mwachangu.

Pambuyo pake, onaninso zoletsa zoyika. Malo ena amafunika kuyika pakhoma, ena amafunika kuyika mizati, ndipo ena amafunika kulumikizidwa ndi zomangamanga zomwe zilipo za PA kapena ESD. Ngati malowa akugwiritsa ntchito kale maziko a ma adilesi apagulu, kuyanjana ndi owongolera, ma amplifiers, ndi mphamvu yosungira kungakhale kofunikira kuposa malo olumikizira ma speaker okha. Pomaliza, yang'anani njira yopezera kukonza. Dongosolo lomwe ndi lovuta kuliyang'ana nthawi zambiri limakhala losadalirika pakapita nthawi chifukwa mavuto ang'onoang'ono amapezeka mochedwa kwambiri.

1. Choyamba fotokozani kalasi ya zoopsa ndi zofunikira za satifiketi.
2. Yesani phokoso lozungulira momwe ntchito ikuyendera.
3. Sankhani kamvekedwe, mawu, kapena zonse ziwiri kutengera nthawi yoyankhira komanso momveka bwino.
4. Tsimikizani kutalika kwa malo okwerera, mtunda woponyera, ndi zopinga.
5. Yang'anani njira yopezera zinthu zokonzera, zosungira, ndi njira yolumikizira mawaya.

Kwa ogula kuyerekeza magulu a makina, zingathandize kuwunikanso zinthu zolumikizirana zapafupi mongacholankhulira chosaphulika, foni yadzidzidzindidongosolo la intercomMasamba amenewo amathandizira mtengo waukulu wa zisankho chifukwa mapulojekiti ambiri amafunika kuchenjezedwa komanso kulankhulana mbali zonse ziwiri.

Kumene machenjezo akutali amalephera m'mapulojekiti a ma adilesi a anthu onse m'mafakitale

Kulephera kwakukulu kwa machenjezo akutali kumachokera ku kapangidwe koyipa ka makina osati kufooka kwa zida.

Njira yoyamba yolephera imapeputsa phokoso la mlengalenga. Chipangizo chomwe chimagwira ntchito pamalo oyesera chete chimatha kuzimiririka m'bwalo lopangira zinthu lamoyo ma compressor, ma conveyor, ndi magalimoto akuluakulu akayamba kugwira ntchito. Njira yachiwiri yolephera ndi malo olakwika. Wokamba nkhani wotsekedwa ndi chitsulo chomangidwa, zombo zoyendetsera ntchito, kapena makina sangathe kugwira ntchito bwino, ngakhale mphamvu yake ili yokwera bwanji. Njira yachitatu yolephera ndi kuyendetsa mopitirira muyeso amplifier, zomwe zimasokoneza mawu ndikuchepetsa kuzindikira.

Njira yachinayi yolephera ndi kunyalanyaza kupitiriza kwa magetsi. Pazizindikiro zadzidzidzi, wokamba nkhani amakhala wothandiza ngati wolamulira ndi unyolo wamagetsi akumupatsa. Makina amphamvu olankhulira anthu onse m'mafakitale nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi batire yosungira, ma circuits oyang'aniridwa, ndi kuyang'anira malo kuti vuto lidziwike mwadzidzidzi. Njira yachisanu yolephera ndi kukonzekera bwino kukonza. Kudzikundikira, ma glands otayirira, zisindikizo zowonongeka, ndi kulowa kwa madzi pang'onopang'ono kungachepetse kutulutsa ndi kudalirika mpaka alamu yotsatira itavumbulutsa vutolo.

Kulephera kumeneku kungapeweke ngati polojekitiyi ikuphatikizapo kufufuza mawu, zojambula za malo, kuyesa kuyambitsa, ndi kuwunika nthawi ndi nthawi. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuchenjeza za kutali ndi ntchito ya moyo wonse, osati kugula kamodzi kokha.

Momwe kuyesa kwamunda kumatsimikizirira magwiridwe antchito akutali

Kuyesa kwa malo kumatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito chifukwa malo enieni amachita mosiyana ndi zojambula.

Ndondomeko yoyesera yothandiza nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kuyeza phokoso lozungulira, kuyang'anira kumveka kwa mfundo ndi mfundo, ndi kutsimikizira kumveka bwino kwa mawu. Akatswiri ayenera kuyesa kuchokera kumalo akutali omwe akufuna kumvetsera, kenako kuyerekeza zotsatira zake malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera masana ndi usiku ngati malowo asintha mawonekedwe a katundu. Pa mawu a alamu, chizindikirocho chiyenera kukhala chosiyana ndi phokoso la makina ndi mawu wamba a chomera. Pa mauthenga a mawu, mawuwo ayenera kumvedwa popanda kubwerezabwereza.

Ngati n'kotheka, kuyesa kuyeneranso kutsimikizira kuyang'anira zolakwika ndi momwe mphamvu yamagetsi imagwirira ntchito. Alamu ya malo oopsa yomwe imamveka bwino koma imalephera kugwira ntchito ikazima sizikukwaniritsa cholinga chake chogwirira ntchito. Ogula ambiri tsopano amapempha zolemba zolembedwa zoyambitsa chifukwa akufuna chizindikiro chobwerezabwereza, osati chitsimikizo cha pakamwa chabe. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe magulu opanga mainjiniya amayamikirira ogulitsa omwe angapereke chidziwitso cha pamlingo wa malonda komanso chithandizo cha pamlingo wa polojekiti.

Mu mapulojekiti abwino kwambiri, kuyesa kumatsogolera mwachindunji ku kusintha komaliza. Izi zingaphatikizepo kusintha ngodya ya wokamba nkhani, kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha malo, kapena kulekanitsa madera okhala ndi phokoso lalikulu ndi madera wamba. Cholinga si phokoso lalikulu. Cholinga ndi machenjezo okhazikika komanso omveka bwino m'dera lonse loopsa.

Buku lotsogolera kugula: zomwe muyenera kufunsa musanatchule alamu ya malo oopsa

Musanatchule alamu ya malo oopsa, funsani mafunso omwe angasonyeze ngati dongosololi lili loyeneradi.

• Kodi chofunikira chenicheni cha kugawa malo oopsa ndi satifiketi ndi chiyani?
• Kodi phokoso la mlengalenga limakhala lotani panthawi ya phokoso lalikulu?
• Kodi mawu ochenjeza, uthenga wa mawu, kapena zonse ziwiri ndizofunikira?
• Ndi madera angati omwe amafunika kulamulira ndi kuyang'aniridwa paokha?
• Kodi ndi nthawi yotani yopezera mphamvu yofunikira panthawi ya kuzima kwa magetsi?
• Kodi njira yopezera zinthu zosamalira ndi zida zina zosinthira idzagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?

Mafunso awa amachepetsa zolakwika za specification chifukwa amakakamiza gulu la polojekiti kuti lifotokoze malo enieni ogwirira ntchito. Amapangitsanso kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyerekeza ogulitsa pa mawu oyezeka m'malo mwa zonena zosamveka bwino. Kwa ogula polojekiti, nthawi zambiri kusiyana kumeneku kumakhala pakati pa njira yomwe imangovomereza kugula ndi yomwe imapulumuka kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri Okhudza Makina Olankhulira Osaphulika ndi Machenjezo Okhudza Kutalika Kwambiri

1. Kodi makina olankhulira oletsa kuphulika angafike pati?

Kuchuluka kwa mawu kumadalira SPL, chitsogozo, phokoso lozungulira, kutalika kwa malo oikira mawu, ndi zopinga. Mu malo omasuka, kuchuluka kwa mawu kumatsika pafupifupi 6 dB nthawi iliyonse mtunda ukawirikiza kawiri, kotero kutalika kuyenera kupangidwa m'malo mongoganizira.

2. Kodi nthawi zonse zimakhala bwino kuchenjeza malo oopsa?

Ayi. Kukweza mawu popanda kumveka bwino kungachepetse kuyankha. Dongosolo labwino kwambiri ndi lokweza mokwanira kuti likhale pamwamba pa phokoso koma lomveka bwino kuti ogwira ntchito amvetse uthengawo.

3. Kodi ndikufunika ma voice paging kapena ma alarm okha?

Kulemba mawu page kumakhala bwino antchito akafuna malangizo, pomwe mawu ndi abwino kuti anthu azizindikira mwachangu. Makina ambiri olankhulira anthu m'mafakitale amagwiritsa ntchito zonse ziwiri kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana zadzidzidzi.

4. Ndi muyezo uti umene ndiyenera kuuyang'ana kaye?

Yambani ndi muyezo wa zida za malo oopsa ndi malamulo a alamu yadzidzidzi pamalopo. Mu mapulojekiti ambiri, IEC 60079,IEC 60529ndiNFPA 72ndi maumboni ofunikira.

5. N’chifukwa chiyani kuwerengera kwa malo olumikizirana kuli kofunika ngati sipika imagwira ntchito kale m’nyumba?

Chifukwa malo akunja ndi oopsa amaika zida ku fumbi, madzi, mchere, UV, ndi kugwedezeka. Khoma loyenera limathandiza kusunga kudalirika komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mawu pakapita nthawi.

6. N’chiyani chimayambitsa kulephera kwa malo ogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri?

Kusayikidwa bwino ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimafala kwambiri. Wokamba nkhani wodziwika bwino akhoza kulephera kufalitsa uthenga patsamba ngati watsekedwa, walumikizidwa molakwika, kapena wayikidwa pansi kwambiri.

7. Kodi ndingakonze bwanji machenjezo akutali popanda kugula zida mopitirira muyeso?

Yambani ndi mapu a acoustic, gwiritsani ntchito njira yolowera, gawani malowo m'magawo, ndipo sungani mutu wa amplifier. Nthawi zambiri, kapangidwe kanzeru kamapereka zotsatira zabwino kuposa sipika imodzi yayikulu.