Buku Lothandizira Kugula Mapulojekiti a Mafakitale Pogwiritsa Ntchito Telefoni Lotsimikizira Kuphulika

Chiyambi

Kusankha zida zolumikizirana m'malo oopsa kumafuna zambiri kuposa kungogwirizanitsa zinthu ndi mtengo. Mu mapulojekiti a mafakitale, foni yosaphulika iyenera kukwaniritsa malamulo ogawa malo, kupirira mikhalidwe yovuta yogwirira ntchito, komanso kukhala yodalirika panthawi yamavuto pomwe kulumikizana ndikofunikira kwambiri. Bukuli likufotokoza miyezo yofunika kwambiri, zidziwitso zaukadaulo, ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe ziyenera kupanga chisankho chogula. Owerenga adzaphunzira momwe angayerekezere zofunikira za satifiketi, kulimba kwa enclosure, magwiridwe antchito a mawu, mphamvu ndi zosowa zoyika, komanso zinthu zofunika pakukonza moyo wonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusankha zida zomwe zimathandiza kutsatira malamulo, kupitiriza kugwira ntchito, komanso chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito.

Chifukwa Chake Buku Logulira Mafoni Lotsimikizira Kuphulika Ndi Lofunika

Kugula zida zolumikizirana m'malo oopsa a mafakitale kumafuna kutsatira miyezo yovuta yachitetezo, zidziwitso zaukadaulo, ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito. Foni yosaphulika si chida cholumikizirana chokha; ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri choteteza moyo chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chipewe kuyaka kwa mpweya wosasunthika, nthunzi, kapena fumbi loyaka. Kusankha zida zolakwika kungayambitse kulephera kwakukulu, chindapusa cha malamulo, komanso zoopsa zazikulu kwa ogwira ntchito.

Bukuli limapatsa akatswiri a uinjiniya, kugula zinthu, ndi ntchito njira yolinganizidwa yowunikira, kusankha, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafoni osaphulika. Pomvetsetsa zofunikira kwambiri pakugawa malo oopsa, mabungwe amatha kukonza bwino ndalama zawo zogulira zinthu pamene akuonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana sikusokonezedwa panthawi yofunika kwambiri yogwirira ntchito.

Momwe kulephera kulumikizana m'malo oopsa kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha polojekiti

M'magawo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu monga kuyeretsa mafuta, kuboola mabowo m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndimigodi ya pansi pa nthaka, zomangamanga zolumikizirana zimakhala maziko a kuyankha mwadzidzidzi. Pamene foni yodziwika bwino ya mafakitale yalephera kugwira ntchito mumlengalenga wovuta, imatha kugwira ntchito ngati gwero la kuyatsa moto. Kupatula chiopsezo cha kuphulika kwadzidzidzi, zotsatira zachiwiri za kulephera kwa kulumikizana ndi kuyankha mwadzidzidzi mochedwa. Muzochitika zovuta, kuchedwa kupitirira nthawi yodziwika bwino ya mphindi zitatu yothandizira mwadzidzidzi kungapangitse kuti zochitika zadzidzidzi ziwonjezeke m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yopuma yolumikizirana imakhala ndi mavuto aakulu azachuma.gawo la mafuta ndi gasi, nthawi yopuma yosakonzekera ikhoza kupitirira $250,000 pa ola limodzi. Ngati malo ogwirira ntchito sangathe kulankhulana ndi akatswiri a m'munda m'dera la Zone 1 chifukwa cha vuto la foni, nthawi zambiri kupanga kuyenera kuyimitsidwa mpaka kulumikizanako kukhazikitsidwenso. Kuyika ndalama mu zida zovomerezeka zoteteza kuphulika kumachepetsa kusokonekera kwa ntchito kokwera mtengo uku kumasungabe kutsatira malamulo achitetezo pantchito.

Ndi malo ati a mafakitale omwe amafunikira mafoni osaphulika

Kufunika kwa foni yotetezeka kuphulika kumatengera kupezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wophulika, womwe umagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi malinga ndi Zone kapena Division systems. Malo ogwiritsira ntchito ma hydrocarbon osasunthika, monga malo osungira LNG, malo opangira mankhwala, ndi malo osungira mafuta a ndege, amafunikira malo olumikizirana ovomerezeka nthawi ndi nthawi.

Malo osiyanasiyana amalamulira milingo yosiyanasiyana ya chitetezo cha zida. Mwachitsanzo, malo ogwiritsira ntchito tirigu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi fumbi loyaka amafunikaSatifiketi ya ATEX Zone 21 kapena 22, pomwe malo opangira mafuta kumayiko ena amafunika ziphaso za gasi za Zone 1 kapena Zone 2. Kumvetsetsa gulu la malo oyikamo ndi gawo loyamba lofunikira pakugula.

Zofunikira Zaukadaulo ndi Kutsatira Malamulo

Kuwunika foni yomwe siiphulika kumafuna kumvetsetsa bwino za ukadaulo wake komanso kutsatira malamulo. Ogula mafakitale ayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri kupitirira magwiridwe antchito oyambira kuti awone momwe ukadaulo wa chipangizocho umagwirizanirana ndi zoopsa zomwe zimapezeka pamalo ogwiritsira ntchito.

Ndi mavoti ati ndi ziphaso za malo oopsa zomwe zili zofunika

Maziko a zida zilizonse zoopsa ndi satifiketi yake. Mafelemu odziwika padziko lonse lapansi ndi ATEX (Europe), IECEx (International), ndi UL/CSA (North America). Foni yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo oopsa iyenera kukhala ndi zilembo zoyenera, monga 'Ex d' ya malo obisala moto, omwe amapangidwira kuti azikhala ndi kuphulika kwamkati popanda kuyatsa mlengalenga wakunja. Kapenanso, 'Ex i' imatanthauza chitetezo chamkati, komwe mphamvu zamagetsi zimakhala zochepa pansi pa malire oyatsa a chisakanizo cha mpweya winawake.

Ogula ayenera kutsimikizira gulu la mpweya (monga IIA, IIB, kapena IIC pa mpweya wosinthasintha kwambiri monga hydrogen) ndi gulu la kutentha (T1 mpaka T6). Mwachitsanzo, mulingo wa T6 umatsimikizira kuti kutentha kwakukulu kwa pamwamba pa chipangizocho sikupitirira 85°C (185°F), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotetezeka ku malo omwe ali ndi mankhwala otentha okha monga carbon disulfide.

Momwe mungayerekezere malo obisika, chitetezo cholowera, ndi kulimba

Malo opangidwa ndi mafakitale amaika zida pamalo omwe zinthu zimakhudzidwa ndi nyengo yoipa, mankhwala owononga, komanso kuwonongeka kwa thupi. Chifukwa chake, ziwerengero za zinthu zobisika ndi chitetezo cha kulowa (IP) ndizofunikira kwambiri poyerekeza. Mafoni ambiri apamwamba omwe saphulika amapereka chiwerengero cha IP66 kapena IP67, zomwe zimateteza kwathunthu ku kulowa kwa fumbi komanso kukana madzi othamanga kwambiri kapena kumizidwa kwakanthawi.

Kusankha zinthu kumatanthauza kulimba kwa nthawi yayitali. Polyester Yolimbikitsidwa ndi Galasi (GRP) imapereka kukana kwabwino kwa mankhwala ndi UV, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri pamakampani opanga mankhwala a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Aluminiyamu yamtundu wa m'nyanja ndi yofala kwambiri pa mafakitale ambiri, pomwe chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316L ndiye muyezo wagolide wa nsanja za m'mphepete mwa nyanja chifukwa cha kukana kwake kosayerekezeka ku dzimbiri la mchere. Kuphatikiza apo, ogula ayenera kulamula kuti IK10 ikhale yokana kukhudzidwa, ndikutsimikizira kuti mpandawo ukhoza kupirira kukhudzidwa kwa ma joules 20 popanda kuwononga kuphulika kwake.

Ndi zinthu ziti zofunika pa mawu, ma signaling, ndi mphamvu

M'malo omwe phokoso la mlengalenga nthawi zambiri limapitirira 80 dB mpaka 90 dB, mphamvu zodziwika bwino za mawu sizikwanira. Foni yosaphulika iyenera kukhala ndi maikolofoni apamwamba oletsa phokoso komanso ma amplifier ophatikizidwa. Ma ringers kapena ma beacon ophatikizidwa nthawi zambiri amafunika, zomwe zimafuna kuti milingo yotulutsa mawu pakati pa 90 dB ndi 110 dB imveke pamakina olemera.

Kapangidwe ka mphamvu n'kofunikanso. Ma VoIP/SIP amakono nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Power over Ethernet (PoE) kutsatira miyezo ya IEEE 802.3af (15.4W) kapena 802.3at (30W), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukhazikitsa kukhale kosavuta pophatikiza mphamvu ndi deta mu chingwe chimodzi. Makina a analog nthawi zambiri amadaliramphamvu ya mzere kuchokera ku PBX(kuyambira 24VDC mpaka 48VDC) kapena kufunikira mphamvu yamagetsi ya AC yapafupi (110-230VAC) kuti iyendetse ma audio akunja okhala ndi ma decibel okwera komanso ma beacon owoneka bwino.

Momwe Mungayerekezere Njira Zamafoni Zotsimikizira Kuphulika

Zofunikira zaukadaulo zikakhazikitsidwa, magulu ogula ayenera kuyang'ana momwe ogulitsa amagwirira ntchito. Kuyerekeza zosankha kumaphatikizapo kusanthula kudalirika kwa ogulitsa ndi ukadaulo wolumikizirana kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwirizana bwino ndi zomangamanga zomwe zilipo kale.

Ndi njira ziti zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito poyerekeza wogulitsa

Pofufuza ogulitsa omwe angakhalepo, ogula mafakitale ayenera kuika patsogolo miyezo yodalirika yotsimikizika komanso kukhazikika kwa unyolo woperekera. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha khalidwe ndi Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF). Mafoni osaphulika a mafakitale ayenera kuwonetsa MTBF yopitilira maola 50,000 akugwira ntchito mosalekeza. Mawu a chitsimikizo amagwiranso ntchito ngati choyimira cha khalidwe; opanga odalirika nthawi zambiri amapereka chitsimikizo chokwanira cha zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu.

Zofunikira pa kayendetsedwe ka zinthu ndizofunikiranso. Zipangizo zapadera zoopsa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yopangira. Ogula ayenera kuyembekezera nthawi yokhazikika yotsogolera ya masabata 4 mpaka 8, ngakhale kuti makonzedwe apadera okhudzana ndi ma relay apadera kapena ma fiber-optic terminations amatha kufikira masabata 12. Kuphatikiza apo, Minimum Order Quantities (MOQs) iyenera kuyesedwa; pomwe mapulojekiti akuluakulu amakwaniritsa mosavuta ma MOQ apamwamba, kukonza kapena kuyika oyendetsa kungafune ogulitsa omwe akufuna kupereka mayunitsi 1 mpaka 5 popanda ndalama zowonjezera zambiri.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa analog, VoIP, ndi SIP models

Kusankha pakati pa mapangidwe a analog, VoIP, ndi SIP kumakhudza kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa kukhazikitsa ndi kuthekera kwa makina. Mafoni a analog ndi odalirika kwambiri, amagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zakale zamkuwa ziwiri, ndipo amatha kutumiza ma signal pamtunda wautali wopitilira mamita 5,000 popanda kukulitsa. Komabe, alibe njira zamakono zodziwira matenda ndipo amafunikira mawaya osiyana amagetsi kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zida zolumikizirana zolemera.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mafoni a VoIP ndi SIP amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi ma netiweki amakono a IP-PBX, kupereka njira yoyang'anira kutali, kuyang'anira SNMP, ndi malipoti odzidziwitsa okha za zolakwika. Kusinthana kwakukulu ndi malire a mtunda; Ethernet yokhazikika imaletsa kutumiza kwa ma 100 metres, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma fiber-optic media converters kapena ma network switch otetezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo ambiri.

Njira Zogulira, Kukhazikitsa, ndi Kukonza

Kupeza zidazi ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la nthawi yonse yogwiritsira ntchito. Kuyenerera kwa ogulitsa, njira zoyesera zolimba, komanso njira zoyikira mosamala ndizofunikira kuti makina omaliza asaphulike.

Momwe mungayenerere ogulitsa ndikuwunikanso zikalata

Kuyenerera wogulitsa zida zoopsa kumapitirira aposatifiketi yokhazikika ya ISO 9001Ogulitsa ayenera kukhala ndi Chidziwitso cha ATEX Quality Assurance Notification (QAN) kapena Lipoti la IECEx Quality Assessment (QAR). Zitsimikizo izi zimalamula kuti wopanga azitsatira mosamala zinthu zonse zofunika, kuonetsetsa kuti chipangizocho chikugwirizana ndi chitsanzo chenicheni chomwe chayesedwa ndi bungwe lodziwitsidwa.

Magulu ogula zinthu ayenera kufunsa phukusi lathunthu la zikalata asanatumize. Fayilo iyi iyenera kuphatikizapo Chikalata Chotsimikizira Kutsatira Malamulo (DoC), zikalata za malo oopsa, mabuku ogwiritsira ntchito, ndi mikhalidwe yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito (nthawi zambiri imalembedwa ndi 'X' kumapeto kwa nambala ya satifiketi). Kusowa kwa zikalata kungayambitse kulephera nthawi yomweyo panthawi yowunika chitetezo cha malo.

Zoyenera kuyang'ana panthawi yoyesa kuvomereza fakitale

Kuyesa Kulandira Mafakitale (FAT) ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopezera zida zisanachoke kwa wopanga. Ogula ayenera kupempha njira za FAT zomwe zimatsimikizira kumveka bwino kwa kulankhulana komanso chitetezo. Kuyesa kwa mawu kuyenera kutsimikizira kuti kuletsa phokoso la maikolofoni kumagwira ntchito bwino motsutsana ndi phokoso loyerekeza lakumbuyo la osachepera 85 dB.

Mayeso achitetezo chamagetsi ndi ofunikira kwambiri. Pa mayunitsi oyendetsedwa ndi main, mayeso a mphamvu ya dielectric (nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito 1.5kV AC kwa mphindi imodzi) amatsimikizira kuti insulation ndi yotetezeka. Opanga odziwika bwino amakhala ndi chilema chochepera 0.5% panthawi ya FAT. Chida chilichonse chomwe sichigwira ntchito bwino chiyenera kuyikidwa m'malo mwanu ndikukonzedwanso chisanatumizidwe.

Momwe mungakonzekerere kufufuza malo, kukhazikitsa, ndi kuyambitsa

Kukonzekera kukhazikitsa kumayamba ndi kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane malo kuti adziwe njira zolumikizira mawaya, ma profiles a phokoso lozungulira, ndi malo oikiramo. Okhazikitsa ayenera kusamala kwambiri ndi mawaya a chingwe; mafoni osaphulika nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawaya a M20 kapena 1/2-inch NPT. Kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya a chingwe ovomerezeka a Ex d kapena Ex e ndikofunikira, chifukwa mawaya okhazikika adzachotsa mulingo wonse wa chitetezo cha malo ozungulira.

Ma ergonomics ndi kupezeka mosavuta zimafuna kuti mafoni aziyikidwa pamtunda wa 1.2m mpaka 1.5m (mainchesi 47 mpaka 59) kuchokera pansi (FFL), mogwirizana ndi miyezo ya ADA kapena yopezeka mosavuta komwe kuli koyenera. Pambuyo pokhazikitsa, nthawi yokonza iyenera kukhazikitsidwa, yokhala ndi kuyang'aniridwa kowoneka bwino miyezi 6 mpaka 12 iliyonse kuti muwone ngati chisindikizo chawonongeka, dzimbiri panjira zamoto, komanso kulimba kwa zingwe zotetezedwa.

Momwe Mungapangire Chisankho Chomaliza Chogula

Chisankho chomaliza chogula chimafuna kulinganiza zofunikira zaukadaulo ndi zenizeni zachuma. Mwa kugwirizanitsa momwe ntchitoyo ikugwiritsidwira ntchito ndi dongosolo lokonzekera zisankho, mabungwe amatha kusankha zida zomwe zimapereka chitetezo chokwanira komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino.

Ndi zochitika ziti zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa chisankhocho

Kufotokozera momwe ntchitoyo ikuyendera kumachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, chipangizo chobowolera cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja chomwe chili ndi malo okhala ndi mchere komanso nyengo yoipa kwambiri chimafuna foni ya SIP ya 316L yokhala ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, IP67 yokhala ndi beacon yolumikizidwa ya 110 dB. Kapangidwe kameneka nthawi zambiri kamagwera pamtengo wotsika kuyambira $1,800 mpaka $2,800+ pa unit iliyonse.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, malo opangira mankhwala kapena mankhwala m'nyumba omwe amagwira ntchito m'dera la Zone 1 angafunike foni ya analog yokhala ndi GRP, IP66-rated. Popanda kufunikirakuteteza kwambiri nyengokapena maukonde ovuta a IP, izi zimathandiza kuti pakhale njira yogulira zinthu yotsika mtengo, yokhala ndi mayunitsi odalirika omwe alipo pakati pa $800 ndi $1,500. Kuzindikira malire a zochitika izi kumalepheretsa kupanga zinthu mopitirira muyeso komanso kuwononga ndalama zambiri.

Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe zimagwirizanitsa uinjiniya, kugula, ndi ntchito

chakudya

Chisankho chopambana chogula chimadalira dongosolo la Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) lomwe lawunikidwa pazaka 10 za ntchito zamafakitale. Magulu a mainjiniya amaika patsogolo kutsata malamulo, MTBF, ndi kuphatikiza makina. Kugula zinthu kumayang'ana kwambiri pa Ndalama Zoyambira Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito (CAPEX), nthawi yotsogolera, ndi nthawi yogulitsira. Magulu ogwira ntchito ndi kukonza zinthu amakhudzidwa ndi Ndalama Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito (OPEX), kuyang'ana kwambiri kukonza kosavuta, kupezeka kwa zida zosinthira, ndi kuthekera kozindikira matenda.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya SIP/VoIP, mabungwe angakumane ndi CAPEX yoyamba yokwera ndi 20% mpaka 40% poyerekeza ndi machitidwe a analog. Komabe, OPEX imachepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuthekera kowunikira patali, zomwe zimachotsa kufunikira koyang'anira malo enieni kuti zitsimikizire momwe chipangizocho chilili. Pomaliza, kugwirizanitsa zofunikira zitatuzi m'madipatimenti kumatsimikizira kuti foni yosankhidwayo yotetezeka imapereka kutsatira malamulo achitetezo, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama, komanso chithandizo chogwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Zomaliza zofunika kwambiri ndi zifukwa zomveka zogwiritsira ntchito telefoni yotsimikizira kuphulika
• Mafotokozedwe, kutsata malamulo, ndi macheke owopsa oyenera kutsimikiziridwa musanachite izi
• Njira zotsatila zogwira mtima komanso machenjezo omwe owerenga angagwiritse ntchito nthawi yomweyo

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi foni yotetezeka kuphulika iyenera kukhala ndi satifiketi yanji patsamba langa?

Lumikizani foni ndi malo anu oopsa: ATEX/IECEx pamapulojekiti ambiri apadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza Zone yoyenera, gulu la gasi, ndi kalasi yolondola ya kutentha monga Zone 1, IIC, T6.

Kodi mulingo wa IP66 kapena IP67 ndi wokwanira pa ntchito zoopsa zamafakitale?

Zimathandiza, koma sizokwanira zokha. Gwiritsani ntchito IP66/IP67 kuti muteteze fumbi ndi madzi, kenako tsimikizirani kuti foni ilinso ndi satifiketi yovomerezeka yotetezera kuphulika kwa malowo.

Ndi mafakitale ati omwe nthawi zambiri amafunikira mafoni osaphulika?

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafuta ndi gasi, m'mafakitale opanga mankhwala, m'malo osungiramo zinthu m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'migodi, m'malo osungira mafuta, komanso m'malo omwe amaika fumbi pachiwopsezo monga m'malo opangira tirigu.

Kodi ndingatsimikizire bwanji khalidwe la malonda ndi kudalirika kwa kutumiza kuchokera ku Siniwo?

Yang'anani ziphaso monga ATEX, CE, FCC, ROHS, ndi ISO9001, ndipo funsani za nthawi yogulitsira. Siniwo imanenanso kuti imapanga zoposa 90% ya zida zofunika mkati mwake kuti zikhale zabwino.

Kodi Siniwo angathandizire pulojekiti yonse, osati kungopereka foni?

Inde. Malinga ndi siniwo.com, Siniwo imapereka ntchito zolumikizirana zamafakitale zomwe zimapezeka nthawi imodzi kuphatikiza kupanga, kuphatikiza, kukhazikitsa, kukonza, ndi machitidwe ena ofanana monga PA, paging, ndi VoIP.